What Next?
What To Do Next?
Whether you reviewed each of the modules in this section or skimmed just a few, it is easy to be overwhelmed and unsure about next steps. Even if you are convinced of the need to make changes and "do better," what does that mean? what will it look like in your classes? The goal of any professional development opportunity is to improve your work with students. Being overwhelmed and not sure where to start does not often lead to significant improvements. So, the question about next steps is really important.
Before I even attempt to address the question of "what next?", I wanted to share a discussion on the topic. In the Foreward to Layla F. Saad's book Me and White Supremacy, author Robin Diangelo (author of White Fragility) addresses this key question, and she offers some important context to the question. I encourage you to thoughtfully reflect about your own motivation behind the question. I have included several paragraphs below, and it is well worth the read.
"'All right!' you say. 'I get it! Now what do I do?'
"I am a white antiracist educator. Invariably, the number one question I am asked by a white participant at the end of a presentation is "What do I do?" It may seem a reasonable thing to ask upon realizing that you are complicit in white supremacy. Yet this question is problematic. First and foremost, it is problematic because I believe it is disingenuous. It has been my consistent experience leading antiracist education over the last twenty-five years that most white people don't really want to know what to do about racism if it will require anything of them that is inconvenient or uncomfortable.
"Indeed, asking this question is often a way to mitigate or deflect feelings of racial discomfort. While the racist status quo is comfortable for me virtually twenty-four-seven as a white person, challenging the racist status quo is not. Building the racial stamina required to challenge the racist status is thus a critical part of our work as white people. Rushing ahead to solutions - especially when we have barely begun to think critically about the problem - bypasses the necessary personal work and reflection and distances us from understanding our own complicity. In fact, racial discomfort is inherent to an authentic examination of white supremacy. By avoiding this discomfort, the racist status quo is protected.
"The entitled demand for simple answers also allows us to dismiss the information if those answers are not forthcoming ('She didn't tell us what to do!'). This is especially arrogant when demand is made of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). In essence we are saying, 'You do all the work and take all the risk, then hand me the fruits of your labor. I will sit back and receive them while taking no person risk myself.' And what happens when we don't like the answers because they are not quick, convenient, or comfortable? When the answers challenge our self-image as open-minded progressive individuals, free of all racial conditioning? As BIPOC have experienced again and again, when we don't agree with the answers we have demanded, we all too often feel qualified to dismiss them.
"White supremacy is arguably the most complex social system of the last several hundred years. If only the answer was to be nice and keep smiling! But, of course, there are no easy answers for ending white supremacy.
"In my effort to answer the question of what to do next, I have begun to ask a counter question: 'How have you managed not to know?' In the era of Google and social media, the information on what white people can do about racism is everywhere, and BIPOC have been telling us what they need for a very long time. Why haven't we sought out the information on our own up until now? What haven't we looked it up, as we would have done for any other topic that interested us? Asking white people why they don't already know the answer is meant to be a challenge to the apathy about white supremacy that I have come to believe most white people feel. But it is also a sincere question. If we actually made a list of why we don't know what to do, we would have a guide for moving forward. Nothing on that guide would be simple for moving forward. Nothing on that guide would be simply or easy to change, but change would be possible. Your list might look something like this:
-
- I wasn't educated about racism.
- I don't talk about racism with other white people.
- I don't talk about racism with the People of Color in my life.
- I don't have People of Color in my life.
- I don't want to feel guilty.
- I haven't cared enough to find out."
Robin Diangelo, Forward to Layla F. Saad's book Me and White Supremacy
If you decided to take on just one or two of the items on Diangelo's list, you could make significant changes to your own understanding. If you don't often talk about racism, join a conversation with people that you trust to listen and provide authentic feedback. Come to a TLC event on an equity topic. If you often feel you are being asked to feel guilty or ashamed about your own privilege, decide to lean into those feeling and examine their triggers.
Or, work on negating Diangelo's first item by educating yourself. There are amazing resources that you can access from home with little effort and cost. I can't promise that the suggestions will come up with the easy answers about what YOU should do next, but I can guarantee that they will make you think. I compiled a few lists of resources to help you learn more about the topic.
I can promise one thing: if you don't take a next step, things will never change.
Resources
These suggestions for further reading and research are compiled from several lists, including the Professional and Organizational Developers' (POD) Network “Anitracist Pedagogy Reading List Links to an external site.,” Whitworth’s “Resources to Help End Racial Injustice Links to an external site.,” and The Greater Good in Education’s “Resources to Support Anti-racist Learning Links to an external site..” The list is lengthy - look at it as a buffet of choices! Just choose something that sounds interesting and get started. The TLC has only a few of the books on the list available for loan (including Blindspot and Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?) - contact me for more details.
Books (each title has a link with more information when available - just click!)
- An African American and Latinx History of the US by Paul Ortiz Links to an external site.
- America's Original Sin by Jim Wallis Links to an external site.
- Antiracist Writing Assessment Ecologies: Teaching and Assessing Writing for A Socially Just Future Links to an external site. by A. B. Inoue Links to an external site.
- Antiracist Teaching by R.P. Amico
- Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates Links to an external site.
- Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People by Mahzarin R. Banaji Links to an external site.
- Citizen by Claudia Rankine Links to an external site.
- The Color of Law by Richard Rothstein Links to an external site.
- Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain: Promoting Authentic Engagement and Rigor Among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Links to an external site. by Zaretta Hammond
- Deconstructing Privilege: Teaching and Learning as Allies in the Classroom by K.A. Case
- From Equity Talk to Equity Walk: Expanding Practitioner Knowledge for Racial Justice in Higher Education by T.B. McNair, and E.M. Bensimon, and I. Malcolm-Piqueux
- The Heart of Racial Justice by Brenda Salter McNeil Links to an external site.
- How to Be an Antiracist Ibram Kendi Links to an external site.
- An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz Links to an external site.
- Indigenous Community: Rekindling the Teachings of the Seventh Fire Links to an external site. by Gregory Cajete
- The Inner Work of Racial Justice Links to an external site. by Rhonda V. Magee
- Interrogating whiteness and relinquishing power: White faculty’s commitment to racial consciousness STEM classrooms by N. M. Joseph, C, Haynes, and F. Cobb Links to an external site.
- Intersectional pedagogy: Complicating identity and social justice by Case, K. A.
- Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson Links to an external site.
- Me and White Supremacy by Layla Saad Links to an external site.
- Mindful of Race Links to an external site. by Ruth King
- The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander Links to an external site.
- Pedagogy of the Oppressed by P Freire
- Race and Higher Education: Rethinking Pedagogy in Diverse College Classrooms by A. Howel and F. Tuitt
- Race, equity, and the learning environment: The global relevance of critical and inclusive pedagogies in higher education by F. Tuitt, C. Haynes, and S. Stewart
- Race Talk and the Conspiracy of Silence: Understanding and Facilitating Difficult Dialogues on Race by D.W. Sue
- Racism without Racists: Color Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Links to an external site.
- Stamped from the Beginning by Ibram Kendi Links to an external site.
- So You Want to Talk About Race by Ijeoma Oluo Links to an external site.
- Teaching/Learning Anti-Racism: A Developmental Approach Links to an external site. by C.B. Phillips and L. Derman-Sparks
- Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom by b. hooks
- The Fire this Time by Jesmyn Ward Links to an external site.
- Understanding and Dismantling Racism by Joseph Barndt Links to an external site.
- White Fragility by Robin DiAngelo Links to an external site.
- Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria by Beverly Daniel Tatum Links to an external site.
Articles (links included when available)
- Akamine Phillips, Jennifer; Risdon, Nate; Lamsma, Matthew; Hambrick, Angelica; and Jun, Alexander. "Barriers and Strategies by White Faculty Who Incorporate Anti-Racist Pedagogy," Race and Pedagogy Journal: Teaching and Learning for Justice: Vol. 3 : No. 2, 2019 Links to an external site.
- Ash, A. N.; Hill, R.; Risdon, S. and Jun, A. "Anti-Racism in Higher Education: A Model for Change," Race and Pedagogy Journal: Teaching and Learning for Justice: Vol. 4 : No. 3, 2020 Links to an external site.
- Baldwin, J. “A Talk to Teachers.” The Saturday Review, 42-44. 21 Dec 1963
- Blackwell, D.M. “Sidelines and Separate Spaces: Making Education Anti-Racist for Students of Color.” Race, Ethnicity and Education, 13 (4) pp. 473–494 Links to an external site., 2010 Links to an external site.
- Blakeney, A. M. “Antiracist Pedagogy: Definition, Theory, and Professional Development.” Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 2 (1) pp. 119–132 Links to an external site., 2005
- Coates, Ta-Nehisi. "The Case for Reparations." The Atlantic Links to an external site.
- Chotiner, Isaac. "Bryan Stevenson on the Frustration Behind the George Floyd Protests." The New Yorker Links to an external site.
- Cole, C.E. “Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy in Higher Education: Teaching so That Black Lives Matter.” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 36 (8) pp. 736–750 Links to an external site., 2010 Links to an external site.
- Douglass Horsford, S., Grosland, T. J., and Morgan Gunn, K. “Pedagogy of the Personal and Professional: Considering Culturally Relevant and Anti-Racist Pedagogy as a Framework for Culturally Relevant Leadership.” Journal of School Leadership, 21 (4), 2011
- Gillespie, D., Ashbaugh, L., & Defiore, J. “White Women Teaching White Women about White Privilege, Race Cognizance and Social Action: Toward a pedagogical pragmatics.” Race Ethnicity and Education, 5 (3) pp. 237-253, 2002 Links to an external site.
- Giroux, Henry A. “Spectacles of Race and Pedagogies of Denial: Anti-Black Racist Pedagogy under the Reign of Neoliberalism.” Communication Education, 52, (191-4), p.191-211 Links to an external site., 2003 Links to an external site.
- Gorski, Paul. “Avoiding Racial Equity Detours Links to an external site.” Educational Leadership, 2019.
- Haynes, C. & Bazne, K.J. “A message for faculty from the present-day movement for black lives.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 32:9, 1146-1161, 2019 Links to an external site.
- Haynes, C. “Dismantling the White supremacy embedded in our classrooms: White faculty in pursuit of more equitable educational outcomes.” International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 29(1), 87-107 Links to an external site., 2017 Links to an external site.
- Haynes, C., & Patton, L. D. “From Racial Resistance to Racial Consciousness: Engaging White STEM Faculty in Pedagogical Transformation.” Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 22(2), 85–98, 2019 Links to an external site.
- Inoue, A. B. CCCC Chair’s Address: “How do We Language So People Stop Killing Each Other, Or What Do We Do About White Language Supremacy.” CCC 71.2 Links to an external site., 2019 Links to an external site.
- Jenkins, C. “Addressing white privilege in higher education.” Academic Exchange Quarterly, 20(4), 121-126, 2016
- Jenkins, C. M. “Educators, question your level of cultural responsiveness. Links to an external site.” Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence, 2(2), 15-23, 2018
- Jenkins, C. “Intersectional considerations in teaching diversity Links to an external site..” In Carter, N & Vavrus, M. (Eds.), Intersectionalities of Race, Class, and Gender with Teaching and Teacher Education: Movement Toward Equity in Education. Leiden. The Netherlands: Brill/Sense, 2018
- Jenkins, C., & Alfred, M. “Understanding the motivation and transformation of White culturally responsive professors Links to an external site..” Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 24(1), 81-99, 2018
- Jett, C.C. “Culturally responsive collegiate mathematics education: Implications for African-American students.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Teaching and Learning, 3, 102-116 Links to an external site., 2013
- Kendi, Ibram X. "Who Gets to Be Afraid in America?" The Atlantic: May 12, 2020 Links to an external site.
- Kishimoto, K. “Anti-racist pedagogy: from faculty’s self-reflection to organizing within and beyond the classroom.” Race Ethnicity and Education, 21:4, 540-554, 2018 Links to an external site.
- Landsman, Julie. “Helping Students Discuss Race Openly Links to an external site.” Educational Leadership, Nov. 2016
- Lawrence, S. M. & Tatum, B. “Teachers in transition: The impact of antiracist professional development on classroom practice.” Teachers College Record, 99, 162–180, 1997
- McGeehan, Charlie. “How Can We Build Anti-Racist White Educators? Links to an external site.” Teaching Tolerance, Aug. 2018
- McIntosh, Peggy. "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack" Links to an external site.
- McKamey, Pirette. "What Anti-racist Teachers Do Differently." The Atlantic Links to an external site.
- Milagros Castillo-Montoya, Joshua Abreu & Abdul Abad. “Racially liberatory pedagogy: a Black Lives Matter approach to education.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 32:9, 1125-1145, 2019 Links to an external site.
- “Mindful Reflection Process for Developing Culturally Responsive Practices Links to an external site..” Greater Good in Education.
- Naylor, Gloria, “The Meanings of a Word,” The New York Times, 1986: The Meanings of a Word
- Picower, B. “The unexamined Whiteness of teaching: how White teachers maintain and enact dominant racial ideologies.” Race Ethnicity and Education, 12:2, 197-215, 2009 Links to an external site.
- Pierce, Andrew J. J. “Interest Convergence: An Alternative to White Privilege Models of Anti-Racist Pedagogy and Practice.” Teaching Philosophy, vol. 39, no. 4, 2016, pp. 507–530 Links to an external site.
- Rampert, Keisha, Patrick Harris, and Felicia Hamilton. “Being an Anti-Racist Educator is a Verb,” NCTE blog post, November 6, 2019: Being an Anti-Racist Educator
- Schick, C. “By Virtue of Being White: Resistance in Anti-Racist Pedagogy.” Race Ethnicity and Education, 3 (1) pp. 83–101 Links to an external site., 2000
- Shabazz, Lumumba. "I Am Done Running" Links to an external site.
- Smith, Clint. “James Baldwin’s Lesson for Teachers in a Time of Turmoil,” The New Yorker, September 23, 2017: Baldwin's Lesson for Teachers
- Strauss, Valerie. “’We Know How to Be Racist. We Know How to Pretend to be Not Racist. Now Let’s Know How to be Antiracist’: What Schools Need to Do,” The Washington Post, September 30, 2019: What Schools Need to Do (interview with Ibram X. Kendi).
- Torino, G. C. “Examining Biases and White Privilege: Classroom Teaching Strategies That Promote Cultural Competence.” Women & Therapy, 38 (3-4) pp. 295–307 Links to an external site., 2015
- Tuitt, F., Haynes, C. and Stewart, S. “Transforming the Classroom at Traditionally White Institutions to Make Black Lives Matter.” To Improve the Academy, 37: 63-76, 2018 Links to an external site.
- Wagner, A. “Unsettling the academy: Working through the challenges of anti‐racist pedagogy.” Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(3), 261-275 Links to an external site., 2005.
Podcasts and YouTube Series(links included with each title)
- "21 Podcasts that Confront Racism in America" from Bello Collective Links to an external site.
- "1619" a New York Times audio series Links to an external site.
- The Code Switch Podcast (NPR) Links to an external site.
- "Let's Talk about Whiteness" by Eula Biss - The On Being Project Links to an external site.
- “Seeing White,” Season 2 of Scene on Radio Links to an external site. by John Biewen
- "Uncomfortable Conversations with a Black Man"
Links to an external site.
by Emmanuel Acho, YouTube
Websites (links included with each title)
- 11 Ways White America Avoids Taking Responsibility for its Racism Links to an external site.
- 158 Resources to Understand Racism in America (Smithsonian Magazine) Links to an external site.
- The 1619 Project (New York Times) Links to an external site.
- Anti-Racism Project Links to an external site.
- Black Lives Matter Syllabus Links to an external site.
- Charis Books & More Links to an external site.
- Continuum on Becoming an Anti-Racist Multicultural Organization Links to an external site.
- Facing History and Ourselves Links to an external site.
- For Our White Friends Desiring to Be Allies (Sojourners) Links to an external site.
- A Guide to Coded Language in Education Links to an external site.
- A Guide to How You Can Support Marginalized Communities (CNN) Links to an external site.
- Harvard Implicit Bias Test Links to an external site.
- Is Your University Racist? Links to an external site.
- National Equity Project Links to an external site.
- National Museum of African American History and Culture: "Talking About Race" Web Portal" Links to an external site.
- Racial Equity Tools Links to an external site.
- Racism & Diversity Resources from the Intercommunity Peace & Justice Center Links to an external site.
- Showing Up For Racial Justice's Educational Toolkits Links to an external site.
- Teaching Tolerance Links to an external site.
- White Supremacy Culture in Organizations Links to an external site.
Films and Television Series (links or location information included with each title)
- 12 Years a Slave - Netflix
- 13th (Ava DuVernay)
- “Cracking the Codes Links to an external site.” by World Trust Films
- “The Danger of a Single Story Links to an external site.,” TED Talk, Chimamanda Adichie
- Dear White People (Justin Simien)
- "Deconstructing White Privilege with Dr. Robin Di Angelo," General Commission on Religion and Race Links to an external site.
- The Hate U Give (George Tillman Jr.)
- "How Studying Privilege Systems Can Strengthen Compassion"
Links to an external site.
- Peggy McIntosh at TEDxTimberlaneSchools
- I Am Not Your Negro (James Baldwin documentary)
- If Beale Street Could Talk (Barry Jenkins)
- Just Mercy
- “Let's Get to the Root of Racial Injustice,” TED Talk, Megan Ming Francis
Links to an external site.
- "Moving From Cultural Competence to Antiracism," NICABM
Links to an external site.
- Selma (Ava DuVernay)
- When They See Us (Ava DuVernay)